Advanced rehabilitation approaches for patients with malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system

Malignant neoplasms (MNs) of the respiratory system remain among the leading causes of oncological morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in surgical treatment, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, many patients experience reduced functional reserve, impaired physical performance, respiratory symptoms, and diminished quality of life. Therefore, rehabilitation has become an essential component of comprehensive cancer care throughout the treatment continuum. This review summarizes findings on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for patients with MNs of the respiratory system during prehabilitation, surgical treatment, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy. Clinical studies on exercise training, pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional and psychological support, as well as multimodal rehabilitation programs are examined. The strongest evidence base has been accumulated regarding prehabilitation before surgery and comprehensive rehabilitation programs for patients with lung cancer. Rehabilitation measures have been shown to reduce postoperative complications, preserve functional status, alleviate symptom burden, and maintain quality of life. However, the effectiveness of specific rehabilitation approaches during radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy has received less attention, thus requiring further research. Rehabilitation measures should be integrated into the care system for patients with MNs of the respiratory system, considering treatment stage, functional state, and individual needs.

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