rehabРеабилитологияJournal of Medical Rehabilitation2949-58732949-5881IRBIS LLC10.17749/2949-5873/rehabil.2026.76rehab-174Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESСовременные подходы к реабилитации пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями органов дыхательной системыAdvanced rehabilitation approaches for patients with malignant neoplasms of the respiratory systemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-9924КовалеваО. В.KovalevaO. V.

Ковалева Ольга Владимировна , д.б.н. 

Каширское ш., д. 24, Москва 115522

Olga V. Kovaleva , Dr. Sci. Biol.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииРоссияBlokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyRussian Federation20261608202642158–166Copyright © Ковалева О.В., 20262026Ковалева О.В.Kovaleva O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/174

Злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО) органов дыхательной системы занимают одно из ведущих мест в структуре онкологической заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. Несмотря на значительный прогресс в хирургическом лечении, лекарственной и лучевой терапии, многие пациенты сталкиваются со снижением функциональных резервов организма, нарушением физической работоспособности, респираторными симптомами и ухудшением качества жизни. В этих условиях реабилитация становится важным компонентом комплексного ведения больных на всех этапах противоопухолевого лечения. В обзоре обобщены современные данные об эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий у пациентов с ЗНО органов дыхательной системы на этапах пререабилитации, хирургического лечения, лекарственной и лучевой терапии. Рассмотрены результаты клинических исследований, посвященных физическим тренировкам, дыхательной реабилитации, нутритивной и психологической поддержке, а также мультимодальным программам. Показано, что наиболее убедительная доказательная база накоплена в отношении пререабилитации перед хирургической операцией и комплексных программ сопровождения пациентов с раком легкого. Реабилитационные вмешательства способствуют снижению частоты послеоперационных осложнений, сохранению функционального статуса, уменьшению выраженности симптомов и поддержанию качества жизни. Вместе с тем эффективность отдельных методов реабилитации во время лучевой и химиолучевой терапии изучена в меньшей степени и требует дальнейших исследований. Современные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости интеграции реабилитационных мероприятий в систему оказания помощи пациентам с ЗНО органов дыхательной системы с учетом этапа лечения, функционального состояния и индивидуальных потребностей.

Malignant neoplasms (MNs) of the respiratory system remain among the leading causes of oncological morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite substantial advances in surgical treatment, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, many patients experience reduced functional reserve, impaired physical performance, respiratory symptoms, and diminished quality of life. Therefore, rehabilitation has become an essential component of comprehensive cancer care throughout the treatment continuum. This review summarizes findings on the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for patients with MNs of the respiratory system during prehabilitation, surgical treatment, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy. Clinical studies on exercise training, pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional and psychological support, as well as multimodal rehabilitation programs are examined. The strongest evidence base has been accumulated regarding prehabilitation before surgery and comprehensive rehabilitation programs for patients with lung cancer. Rehabilitation measures have been shown to reduce postoperative complications, preserve functional status, alleviate symptom burden, and maintain quality of life. However, the effectiveness of specific rehabilitation approaches during radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy has received less attention, thus requiring further research. Rehabilitation measures should be integrated into the care system for patients with MNs of the respiratory system, considering treatment stage, functional state, and individual needs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.