The role of self-management in the rehabilitation of type 2 diabetes patients

Заключение. Успешная реабилитация при СД2 напрямую зависит от навыков самоуправления у пациента. Их развитию способствуют социальная поддержка, повышение грамотности в сфере здоровья и современные цифровые технологии.

Background. The escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a global health issue. An integral part of T2D patient management is rehabilitation, i.e., a set of measures aimed at improving quality of life and preventing complications. In recent years, rehabilitation has seen a shift from a paternalistic approach to a patient-doctor partnership. This model assumes that patients are capable of self-management during rehabilitation. Therefore, it is important to study the determinants of effective self-management.

Objective: To identify key aspects of T2D patient rehabilitation and to examine the factors that hinder or facilitate effective self-management.

Material and methods. A literature search was conducted across scientific databases and electronic libraries: PubMed/ MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. A total of 3694 publications were identified, of which 70 fully met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The search and selection of sources were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Results. The key aspects of rehabilitation in T2D patients include consistent glycemic control, dietary adjustments, regular physical activity, and proper foot care. The patient’s ability to self-manage these processes significantly impacts the effectiveness of rehabilitation. However, this is hindered by such factors as diabetes-related distress, fatigue, comorbid conditions, and lack of access to quality healthcare. Effective self-management of rehabilitation is closely linked to social support, particularly from the patient’s family. Another important factor is sufficient awareness of T2D, which allows the patient to plan the rehabilitation process effectively. Substantial support in organizing self-management is provided by modern technologies, specifically specialized mobile applications.

Conclusion. Successful management of T2D depends directly on the patient’s self-management skills. These can be developed with social support, improved health literacy, and modern digital technologies.

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