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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rehab</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Реабилитология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Medical Rehabilitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5873</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5881</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS Publishing House (IRBIS LLC)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2949-5873/rehabil.2024.18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rehab-22</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Место реабилитации в ведении детей со спинальной мышечной атрофией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rehabilitation in children with spinal muscular atrophy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катикова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katikova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Катикова Ольга Юрьевна - к.м.н.</p><p>Ул. Ярцевская, д. 19а, Москва 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Katikova – PhD.</p><p>19a Yartsevskaya Str., Moscow 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga_730@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «ЭГИС-РУС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>EGIS-RUS LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>246</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Катикова О.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Катикова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Katikova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/22">https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/22</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА) – тяжелое нервно-мышечное заболевание, которое сопровождается прогрессирующей слабостью проксимальных мышц и угрожает развитием паралича. Большинство пациентов     с СМА являются детьми. Для абилитации и реабилитации детей с СМА требуется мультидисциплинарный подход с формированием команды специалистов, непрерывный контроль состояния здоровья ребенка.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: представить предлагаемые в настоящее время мировым научным сообществом и практическим здравоохранением методы мониторинга клинического состояния и мероприятия по реабилитации детей с СМА 1–3-го типов, следование которым позволило бы им достичь максимально возможного уровня независимой жизни и мобильности, а также предотвратить или отсрочить развитие осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Поиск первоисточников осуществлен в электронных базах данных Cochrane Library, Clinical Еvidence, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, а также в Государственном реестре лекарственных средств Минздрава России, справочно-правовой системе «КонсультантПлюс», сервисах Google и Яндекс. Использованы ключевые слова и их комбинации на русском и английском языках, в т.ч. сокращенные обозначения: «спинальная мышечная атрофия», «СМА у детей», «нейромышечные заболевания», «нейромышечная дегенерация», «абилитация СМА», «реабилитация СМА», «физиотерапевтическое лечение СМА», «руководство по питанию при СМА», «упражнения при СМА», «физиотерапия СМА», «контрактуры СМА», «сколиоз СМА», «консенсус СМА», “spinal muscular atrophy”, “SMA in children”, “neuromuscular diseases”, “neuromuscular degeneration”, “SMA habilitation”, “SMA rehabilitation”, “SMA physiotherapy management”, “SMA nutrition guidelines”, “SMA exercise”, “SMA physical therapy”, “SMA contractures”, “SMA scoliosis”, “SMA consensus”. Принцип формирования обзора заключался во всестороннем представлении методов абилитации и реабилитации детей с СМА, поэтому отбирались материалы по лечебным практикам, социальному, психологическому, правовому и медико-экспертному ведению таких пациентов. Проанализированы работы, опубликованные за последние 10 лет, а также более ранние, представляющие весомый научный интерес. Исходно было получено 327 литературных источников, включая обзоры, метаанализы, результаты клинических исследований, материалы советов экспертов, клинические рекомендации и рекомендации научных сообществ по теме СМА 1–3-го типов у детей. После удаления дубликатов и проверки приемлемости публикаций в соответствии с критериями включения и невключения в обзор вошло 100 научных работ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Представлена реабилитационная команда специалистов, привлекаемая для ведения пациентов детского возраста с СМА. Описаны методы медицинской реабилитации, включающие управление дыханием, физические упражнения и растяжку, физиотерапию, управление питанием, ортезирование и ортопедию, симптоматическую фармакотерапию, техническую мобильность, технологический и эргометрический менеджмент, зоотерапию, хирургическое вмешательство на позвоночнике и суставах. Освещены вопросы эмоциональной, психологической и поведенческой, социальной, образовательной (в т.ч. генетическое консультирование) поддержки семьи. Рассмотрены консенсусные заявления ведущих экспертов по СМА, клинические рекомендации, практики научных сообществ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В научной литературе представлены различные методы лечения СМА 1–3-го типов у детей с учетом мультидисциплинарного подхода и мониторинга профессиональной командой, состоящей из специалистов разных областей медицины. Помимо вопросов традиционной терапии рассматриваются новые методы сочетанного лечения заболевания (традиционное ведение + модифицирующая СМА-терапия), а также вопросы социального, психологического, правового и медико-экспертного сопровождения. Пациенты с СМА нуждаются в структурированной программе комплексной реабилитации, которая должна разрабатываться на индивидуальной основе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive weakness of the proximal muscles and the risk of paralysis. Most patients with SMA are children. The habilitation and rehabilitation of SMA children require a multidisciplinary approach with the formation of a team of specialists and continuous monitoring of a child’s health status.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to present the methods currently proposed by the world scientific community and practical healthcare for monitoring the clinical condition and measures for rehabilitation of children with types 1–3 SMA, following which would allow them to achieve the highest possible level of independent life and mobility, as well as prevent or delay development of complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The search for primary sources was carried out in electronic databases Cochrane Library, Clinical Еvidence, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE as well as in The State Register of Medicines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the ConsultantPlus legal reference system, Google and Yandex services. Keywords and their combinations in Russian and English were used, including abbreviations: “spinal muscular atrophy”, “SMA in children”, “neuromuscular diseases”, “neuromuscular degeneration”, “SMA habilitation”, “SMA rehabilitation”, “SMA physiotherapy management”, “SMA nutrition guidelines”, “SMA exercise”, “SMA physical therapy”, “SMA contractures”, “SMA scoliosis”, “SMA consensus”. The principle of forming the review was a comprehensive presentation of methods for habilitation and rehabilitation of SMA children; therefore, materials from medical practices, social, psychological, legal and medical expert management of such patients were selected. Materials published over the past 10 years and earlier works of significant scientific interest were analyzed. Initially, 327 literature sources were found, including reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trial results, expert advice materials, clinical guidelines and recommendations of scientific communities on SMA in children. After removing duplicates and checking the eligibility according to inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 100 scientific papers were included in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A rehabilitation team of specialists involved in the management of pediatric patients with SMA was presented. Methods of medical rehabilitation were considered, including breathing control, exercise and stretching, physical therapy, nutritional management, orthotics and orthopedics, symptomatic pharmacotherapy, technical mobility, technological and ergometric management, zootherapy, and spinal and joint surgery. Issues of emotional, psychological and behavioral, social, educational (including genetic counseling) family support were covered. Consensus statements of leading SMA opinion leaders, clinical recommendations, and practices of scientific communities were reviewed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Various treatment methods for types 1–3 SMA in children are considered in scientific literatire, taking into account a multidisciplinary approach and monitoring by a professional team consisting of specialists from different fields of medicine. In addition to issues of traditional therapy, new methods of combined treatment of the disease are considered (traditional management + SMA-modifying therapy), as well as issues of social, psychological, legal and medical expert support. Patients with SMA require a structured, comprehensive rehabilitation program that should be developed individually.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>СМА</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>управление дыханием</kwd><kwd>физические упражнения</kwd><kwd>физиотерапия</kwd><kwd>управление питанием</kwd><kwd>хирургическое вмешательство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>SMA</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>breathing control</kwd><kwd>physical exercise</kwd><kwd>physiotherapy</kwd><kwd>nutrition management</kwd><kwd>surgical intervention</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор заявляет об отсутствии финансовой поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prananta M.S., Rahmawati M.M., Goesasi R.Z. 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