Актуальность

rehab

Реабилитология

Journal of Medical Rehabilitation

2949-58732949-5881

IRBIS Publishing House (IRBIS LLC)

10.17749/2949-5873/rehabil.2026.77

rehab-175

Research Article

ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

REVIEW ARTICLES

Медицинская реабилитация и санаторно-курортное лечение пациентов с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы

Medical rehabilitation and health resort treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-8214

Шипулин

В. В.

Shipulin

V. V.

Шипулин Владимир Владимирович , к.м.н.

ул. Киевская, д. 111А, Томск 634012

Vladimir V. Shipulin , PhD

Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»РоссияTomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation

2026

16082026

167–178

2026

Шипулин В.В.

Shipulin V.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/175

Актуальность

Актуальность. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) остаются ведущей причиной смертности и инвалидизации, что определяет высокую клиническую и социально-экономическую значимость медицинской реабилитации и вторичной профилактики. Кардиологическая реабилитация основана на мультидисциплинарном подходе, включающем физические тренировки, коррекцию факторов риска, обучение пациентов, психосоциальную поддержку и мероприятия по повышению приверженности к лечению.

Цель

Цель: систематизация современных данных об эффективности медицинской реабилитации и санаторно-курортного лечения пациентов с ССЗ.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск литературы выполнен по публикациям 2014–2026 гг., найденным в базах данных PubMed/ MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library и eLibrary. Приоритет отдавался клиническим рекомендациям, систематическим обзорам, метаанализам и рандомизированным контролируемым исследованиям на русском и английском языках, посвященным кардиореабилитации, вторичной профилактике, телереабилитации и санаторно-курортному лечению пациентов с ССЗ. Для отдельных фундаментальных и методологических положений привлекались более ранние источники (1996–2011 гг.).

Результаты

Результаты. Рассмотрены основные принципы и этапы кардиореабилитации, доказательная база физических тренировок при ишемической болезни сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточности, после чрескожных коронарных вмешательств и аортокоронарного шунтирования, а также возможности высокоинтенсивных интервальных и силовых тренировок. Отдельное внимание уделено санаторно-курортному лечению как второму этапу реабилитации в российской системе здравоохранения, включая бальнеотерапию, пелоидотерапию, климатотерапию и их потенциальное влияние на гемодинамику, толерантность к физической нагрузке и психоэмоциональный статус пациентов с ССЗ. Отмечены психосоциальные, диетологические и организационные аспекты реабилитации, а также роль телереабилитации и домашних программ в повышении доступности помощи.

Заключение

Заключение. Современные данные свидетельствуют о том, что кардиореабилитация улучшает качество жизни, снижает частоту госпитализаций и неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий, тогда как санаторно-курортный этап может рассматриваться как значимый компонент комплексной реабилитации при условии надлежащего отбора пациентов и дальнейшей стандартизации применяемых методик.

Background

Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain among the leading causes of mortality and disability, thereby underscoring the clinical and socioeconomic relevance of medical rehabilitation and secondary prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation uses a multidisciplinary approach that includes exercise training, modifying risk factors, educating patients, providing psychosocial support, and improving adherence.

Objective

Objective: To summarize recent data on effective methods of medical rehabilitation and health resort treatment for CVD patients.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The literature search covered publications between 2014 and 2026 from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and eLibrary databases. Inclusion priority was given to clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials in Russian and English focusing on cardiac rehabilitation, secondary prevention, telerehabilitation, and health resort treatment for CVD patients. For certain fundamental and methodological provisions, earlier sources (1996–2011) were also used.

Results

Results. The basic principles and stages of cardiac rehabilitation were examined, including the evidence base for exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure, as well as those who have undergone percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary artery bypass grafting. Additionally, the feasibility of high-intensity interval and strength training was discussed. Particular attention was paid to health resort treatment as the second stage of rehabilitation within the Russian healthcare system, including balneotherapy, peloid therapy, and climatotherapy; their potential impact on hemodynamics, exercise tolerance, and the psycho-emotional status of CVD patients was thoroughly analyzed. Psychosocial, nutritional, and organizational aspects of rehabilitation were considered, along with the role of telerehabilitation and home-based programs in improving access to care.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Evidence suggests that cardiac rehabilitation improves quality of life and reduces the frequency of hospitalizations and adverse cardiovascular events. Moreover, health resort stage can be considered a significant component of comprehensive rehabilitation, provided that patients are properly selected and the methods used are further standardized.

кардиологическая реабилитацияфизические тренировкисанаторно-курортное лечениехроническая сердечная недостаточностьишемическая болезнь сердцателереабилитациявторичная профилактика

cardiac rehabilitationexercise traininghealth resort treatmentchronic heart failurecoronary artery diseasetelerehabilitationsecondary prevention

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.