<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rehab</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Реабилитология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Medical Rehabilitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5873</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5881</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS Publishing House (IRBIS LLC)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2949-5873/rehabil.2025.66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rehab-118</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реабилитация, основанная на виртуальной и дополненной реальностях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Technologies of virtual and augmented reality in rehabilitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-318X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribkova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибкова Ирина Владимировна, к.б.н. </p><p>ул. Шарикоподшипниковская, д. 9, Москва 115088 </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: M-5950-2014 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Gribkova, PhD </p><p>9 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str., Moscow 115088 </p><p>WoS ResearcherID: M-5950-2014 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igribkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>218</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грибкова И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грибкова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gribkova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/118">https://www.rehabilitology.com/jour/article/view/118</self-uri><abstract><p>Традиционные методы реабилитации часто имеют ограничения, связанные с недостаточной приверженностью пациентов, а также с отсутствием объективной обратной связи, необходимой для значительного улучшения функций. По­ этому необходимо использовать новые подходы для повышения мотивации больных и увеличения эффективности терапии. В этом могут помочь технологии виртуальной реальности (англ. virtual reality, VR) и дополненной реальности (англ. augmented reality, AR), которые все чаще используются в реабилитации. VR создает полностью иммерсивную цифровую среду, которая заменяет реальный мир, для чего требуется использование VR-очков. AR, напротив, накладывает цифровые элементы на реальную среду, позволяя пациентам видеть как свое физическое окружение, так и виртуальные подсказки с помощью смарт-очков, планшетов или VR-очков. Эта возможность обеспечивает обратную связь и поддержку в режиме реального времени в процессе выполнения упражнений. Показана эффективность применения VR- и AR-технологий в реабилитации пациентов с нарушениями функций организма, связанными с онкологическими заболеваниями, инсультом, рассеянным склерозом, черепно-мозговыми травмами, а также слабовидящих больных и людей с заболеваниями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Использование данных подходов приводит к уменьшению болевых ощущений, улучшению функциональных возможностей, психического здоровья и качества жизни. Продемонстрирована высокая приверженность больных к таким методам реабилитации. Рассмотрены причины успеха данных технологий, а также сложности, препятствующие их широкому внедрению в клиническую практику.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traditional rehabilitation methods are often limited by patient compliance issues and deficiencies in objective feedback, which are necessary for significant functional improvement. Therefore, new approaches should be implemented to improve patient motivation and increase therapy effectiveness. The increasing use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in rehabilitation is a solution. While VR creates a fully immersive digital environment that replaces the real world and requires the use of headsets, AR overlays digital elements onto the real world: using smart glasses, tablets, or VR headsets, patients can see both their physical surroundings and virtual cues. Thus, these technologies provide real-time feedback and cues during exercise. This study reveals the effectiveness of VR and AR technologies for rehabilitating patients with functional impairments resulting from cancer, stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, low vision, and musculoskeletal disorders. These techniques relieve pain while improving function, mental health, and quality of life. High patient compliance with these rehabilitation methods has been demonstrated. The reasons for the success of these technologies are discussed, as well as the challenges hindering their widespread implementation in clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>дополненная реальность</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>реабилитация зрения</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virtual reality</kwd><kwd>augmented reality</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>vision rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>musculoskeletal disorders</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lo H.H.M., Zhu M., Zou Z., et al. Immersive and nonimmersive virtual reality-assisted active training in chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26: e48787. https://doi.org/10.2196/48787.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lo H.H.M., Zhu M., Zou Z., et al. Immersive and nonimmersive virtual reality-assisted active training in chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26: e48787. https://doi.org/10.2196/48787.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plavoukou T., Staktopoulos P., Papagiannis G., et al. Virtual and augmented reality for chronic musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Bioengineering. 2025; 12 (7): 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plavoukou T., Staktopoulos P., Papagiannis G., et al. Virtual and augmented reality for chronic musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Bioengineering. 2025; 12 (7): 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12070745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L. Effect of remote control augmented reality multimedia technology for postoperative rehabilitation of knee joint injury. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022; 2022: 9320063. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9320063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L. Effect of remote control augmented reality multimedia technology for postoperative rehabilitation of knee joint injury. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022; 2022: 9320063. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9320063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubio-Zarapuz A., Apolo-Arenas M.D., Tomas-Carus P., et al. Comparative analysis of psychophysiological responses in fibromyalgia patients: evaluating neuromodulation alone, neuromodulation combined with virtual reality, and exercise interventions. Medicina. 2024; 60 (3): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubio-Zarapuz A., Apolo-Arenas M.D., Tomas-Carus P., et al. Comparative analysis of psychophysiological responses in fibromyalgia patients: evaluating neuromodulation alone, neuromodulation combined with virtual reality, and exercise interventions. Medicina. 2024; 60 (3): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aksoy M.E., Kocaoglu B., İzzetoglu K., et al. Assessment of learning in simulator-based arthroscopy training with the diagnostic arthroscopy skill score (DASS) and neurophysiological measures. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023; 31 (12): 5332–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07571-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksoy M.E., Kocaoglu B., İzzetoglu K., et al. Assessment of learning in simulator-based arthroscopy training with the diagnostic arthroscopy skill score (DASS) and neurophysiological measures. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023; 31 (12): 5332–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-023-07571-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kayaalp M.E., Konstantinou E., Karaismailoglu B., et al. The metaverse in orthopaedics: virtual, augmented and mixed reality for advancing surgical training, arthroscopy, arthroplasty and rehabilitation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025; 33 (8): 3039–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12723.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kayaalp M.E., Konstantinou E., Karaismailoglu B., et al. The metaverse in orthopaedics: virtual, augmented and mixed reality for advancing surgical training, arthroscopy, arthroplasty and rehabilitation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025; 33 (8): 3039–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12723.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su Z., Zhang L., Lian X., Guan M. Virtual reality-based exercise rehabilitation in cancer-related dysfunctions: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26: e49312. https://doi.org/10.2196/49312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su Z., Zhang L., Lian X., Guan M. Virtual reality-based exercise rehabilitation in cancer-related dysfunctions: scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2024; 26: e49312. https://doi.org/10.2196/49312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aderinto N., Olatunji G., Abdulbasit M.O., et al. Exploring the efficacy of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in stroke: a narrative review of current evidence. Ann Med. 2023; 55 (2): 2285907. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2285907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aderinto N., Olatunji G., Abdulbasit M.O., et al. Exploring the efficacy of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in stroke: a narrative review of current evidence. Ann Med. 2023; 55 (2): 2285907. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2285907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khokale R., Mathew G.S., Ahmed S., et al. Virtual and augmented reality in post-stroke rehabilitation: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023; 15 (4): e37559. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khokale R., Mathew G.S., Ahmed S., et al. Virtual and augmented reality in post-stroke rehabilitation: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023; 15 (4): e37559. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopalli S.R., Shukla M., Jayaprakash B., et al. Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: from acute care to long-term recovery. Neuroscience. 2025; 572: 214–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopalli S.R., Shukla M., Jayaprakash B., et al. Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: from acute care to long-term recovery. Neuroscience. 2025; 572: 214–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leong S.C., Tang Y.M., Toh F.M., Fong K.N.K. Examining the effectiveness of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VAMR) therapy for upper limb recovery and activities of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2022; 19 (1): 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01071-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leong S.C., Tang Y.M., Toh F.M., Fong K.N.K. Examining the effectiveness of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VAMR) therapy for upper limb recovery and activities of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2022; 19 (1): 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01071-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bateni H., Carruthers J., Mohan R., Pishva S. Use of virtual reality in physical therapy as an intervention and diagnostic tool. Rehabil Res Pract. 2024; 2024: 1122286. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1122286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bateni H., Carruthers J., Mohan R., Pishva S. Use of virtual reality in physical therapy as an intervention and diagnostic tool. Rehabil Res Pract. 2024; 2024: 1122286. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1122286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bui J., Luauté J., Farnè A. Enhancing upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients with virtual reality: a mini review. Front Virtual Real. 2021; 2: 595771. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2021.595771.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bui J., Luauté J., Farnè A. Enhancing upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients with virtual reality: a mini review. Front Virtual Real. 2021; 2: 595771. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2021.595771.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiper P., Godart N., Cavalier M., et al. Effects of immersive virtual reality on upper-extremity stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2024; 13 (1): 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiper P., Godart N., Cavalier M., et al. Effects of immersive virtual reality on upper-extremity stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2024; 13 (1): 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patsaki I., Dimitriadi N., Despoti A., et al. The effectiveness of immersive virtual reality in physical recovery of stroke patients: a systematic review. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022; 16: 880447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.880447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patsaki I., Dimitriadi N., Despoti A., et al. The effectiveness of immersive virtual reality in physical recovery of stroke patients: a systematic review. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022; 16: 880447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.880447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C.Y., Chiang W.C., Yeh Y.C., et al. Effects of virtual reality-based motor control training on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity and upper limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2022; 22 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02547-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C.Y., Chiang W.C., Yeh Y.C., et al. Effects of virtual reality-based motor control training on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity and upper limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2022; 22 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02547-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kale M.B., Wankhede N.L., Bishoyi A.K., et al. Emerging biophysical techniques for probing synaptic transmission in neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroscience. 2025; 565: 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kale M.B., Wankhede N.L., Bishoyi A.K., et al. Emerging biophysical techniques for probing synaptic transmission in neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroscience. 2025; 565: 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen J., Gu X., Fu J., et al. Virtual reality-induced motor function of the upper extremity and brain activation in stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol. 2023; 14: 1094617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1094617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen J., Gu X., Fu J., et al. Virtual reality-induced motor function of the upper extremity and brain activation in stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol. 2023; 14: 1094617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1094617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil V., Narayan J., Sandhu K., Dwivedy S.K. Integration of virtual reality and augmented reality in physical rehabilitation: a state-of-theart review. In: Subburaj K., Sandhu K., Ćuković S. (Eds) Revolutions in product design for healthcare: advances in product design and design methods for healthcare. Chapter 10. Springer; 2022; 177–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9455-4_10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil V., Narayan J., Sandhu K., Dwivedy S.K. Integration of virtual reality and augmented reality in physical rehabilitation: a state-of-theart review. In: Subburaj K., Sandhu K., Ćuković S. (Eds) Revolutions in product design for healthcare: advances in product design and design methods for healthcare. Chapter 10. Springer; 2022; 177–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9455-4_10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorman C., Gustafsson L. The use of augmented reality for rehabilitation after stroke: a narrative review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2022; 17 (4): 409–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2020.1791264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorman C., Gustafsson L. The use of augmented reality for rehabilitation after stroke: a narrative review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2022; 17 (4): 409–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2020.1791264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su S., He J., Wang R., et al. The effectiveness of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality rehabilitation in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2024; 39 (3): 582–90.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su S., He J., Wang R., et al. The effectiveness of virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality rehabilitation in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2024; 39 (3): 582–90.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinolo Gil M.J., Gonzalez-Medina G., Lucena-Anton D., et al. Augmented reality in physical therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games. 2021; 9 (4): e30985. https://doi.org/10.2196/30985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinolo Gil M.J., Gonzalez-Medina G., Lucena-Anton D., et al. Augmented reality in physical therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games. 2021; 9 (4): e30985. https://doi.org/10.2196/30985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lim J.Y., Yu H.J., Kim S.H., et al. Effectiveness of in-home, augmented reality-based telerehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024; 12 (10): 23259671241271729. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241271729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lim J.Y., Yu H.J., Kim S.H., et al. Effectiveness of in-home, augmented reality-based telerehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Orthop J Sports Med. 2024; 12 (10): 23259671241271729. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241271729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fakolade A., Salvia A.C., Phadke S., Kunz M. An interactive vision-based 3d augmented reality system for in-home physical rehabilitation: a qualitative inquiry to inform system development. Health Expect. 2024; 27 (5): e70020. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fakolade A., Salvia A.C., Phadke S., Kunz M. An interactive vision-based 3d augmented reality system for in-home physical rehabilitation: a qualitative inquiry to inform system development. Health Expect. 2024; 27 (5): e70020. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gulsen C., Soke F., Eldemir K., et al. Effect of fully immersive virtual reality treatment combined with exercise in fibromyalgia patients: a randomized controlled trial. Assist Technol. 2022; 34 (3): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2020.1772900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulsen C., Soke F., Eldemir K., et al. Effect of fully immersive virtual reality treatment combined with exercise in fibromyalgia patients: a randomized controlled trial. Assist Technol. 2022; 34 (3): 256–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2020.1772900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plavoukou T., Apostolakopoulou K., Papagiannis G., et al. Impact of virtual reality, augmented reality, and sensor technology in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation: a systematic review. Cureus. 2025; 17 (2): e79011. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.79011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plavoukou T., Apostolakopoulou K., Papagiannis G., et al. Impact of virtual reality, augmented reality, and sensor technology in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation: a systematic review. Cureus. 2025; 17 (2): e79011. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.79011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pur D.R., Lee-Wing N., Bona M.D. The use of augmented reality and virtual reality for visual field expansion and visual acuity improvement in low vision rehabilitation: a systematic review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023; 261 (6): 1743–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05972-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pur D.R., Lee-Wing N., Bona M.D. The use of augmented reality and virtual reality for visual field expansion and visual acuity improvement in low vision rehabilitation: a systematic review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023; 261 (6): 1743–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05972-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albanese G.A., Bucchieri A., Podda J., et al. Robotic systems for upperlimb rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a SWOT analysis and the synergies with virtual and augmented environments. Front Robot AI. 2024; 11: 1335147. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1335147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albanese G.A., Bucchieri A., Podda J., et al. Robotic systems for upperlimb rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a SWOT analysis and the synergies with virtual and augmented environments. Front Robot AI. 2024; 11: 1335147. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1335147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Angelis M., Lavorgna L., Carotenuto A., et al. Digital technology in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis: systematic review. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (11): 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Angelis M., Lavorgna L., Carotenuto A., et al. Digital technology in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis: systematic review. J Clin Med. 2021; 10 (11): 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholz M., Haase R., Schriefer D., et al. Electronic health interventions in the case of multiple sclerosis: from theory to practice. Brain Sci. 2021; 11 (2): 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholz M., Haase R., Schriefer D., et al. Electronic health interventions in the case of multiple sclerosis: from theory to practice. Brain Sci. 2021; 11 (2): 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanzler C.M., Lamers I., Feys P., et al. Personalized prediction of rehabilitation outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a proof-of-concept using clinical data, digital health metrics, and machine learning. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2022; 60 (1): 249–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02467-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanzler C.M., Lamers I., Feys P., et al. Personalized prediction of rehabilitation outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a proof-of-concept using clinical data, digital health metrics, and machine learning. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2022; 60 (1): 249–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02467-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M., Wilder S., Sanford S., et al. Augmented feedback modes during functional grasp training with an intelligent glove and virtual reality for persons with traumatic brain injury. Front Robot AI. 2023; 10: 1230086. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1230086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu M., Wilder S., Sanford S., et al. Augmented feedback modes during functional grasp training with an intelligent glove and virtual reality for persons with traumatic brain injury. Front Robot AI. 2023; 10: 1230086. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1230086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van de Wouw C.L., Visser M., Gorter J.W., et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of innovative, gamified interventions for cognitive training in paediatric acquired brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2024; 34 (2): 268–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2023.2174561</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van de Wouw C.L., Visser M., Gorter J.W., et al. Systematic review of the effectiveness of innovative, gamified interventions for cognitive training in paediatric acquired brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2024; 34 (2): 268–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2023.2174561</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
